11/26/2013

腦膜炎 - 腦膜炎治療

成因
腦膜受到感染而發炎

發病年齡
主要是幼兒或小童,或其他易受感染之成年人,如有免疫系統疾病等


病徵

  • 頭痛
  • 頸痛或頸僵硬
  • 發燒
  • 眼睛對光線敏感
  • 皮膚出紅疹、斑點
  • 神智不清


治療
1.需立刻入院治理
2.診斷
  a)病狀如頸僵硬等
  b)抽脊液檢查
  c)電腦素描
3.藥物
  a)需接受靜脈注射高劑量抗生素


參考資料 : www.brain-spine.com.hk
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途,如果你有任何醫療問題,應向神經外科醫生查詢,而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

11/19/2013

腦瘤症狀,腦瘤病徵

腦瘤 Brain Tumour
分原發性及繼發性 (即由身體其他部位的惡性腫瘤擴散至腦部)兩大類

發病年齡
任何年齡,但以20-50歲為多。原發性腦瘤病發率在性別上的差別並不明顯



                                                  參考資料 : www.brain-spine.com.hk

病徵
1.      頭痛:情況會因病者搖頭、咳嗽、低頭及躺下時加劇
2.      嘔吐及噁心
3.      身體局部無力,麻痺,視力/聽覺失常,言語障礙,記憶力衰退。

治療方法
1.      入院處理
2.      診斷
a)      臨床檢查
b)      影像診斷例如電腦素描(CT),磁力共振(MRI)
3.      療治方法
a)      藥物:含激素的藥物可短暫性使用,有預防腦水腫的作用
b)      手術治療:仍然是最常用及最有效的方法
c)      放射治療(放射外科)
      d)化學治療



以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途,如果你有任何醫療問題,應向醫生查詢,而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

偏頭痛 Migraine - 偏頭痛病徵, 偏頭痛原因


主要是因腦血管擴張而刺激到神經所引發的頭痛,大部份病患者也有同類的家族病史

病徵
1.偏左或偏右
2. 痛楚的感覺有如脈搏跳動
3.有部份病者在頭痛前可出現先兆如看見閃光、視野中有黑點、口唇、手部麻痹等
4.感到惡心、出汗及面色蒼白
5.畏光


引發偏頭痛的原因 
1.壓力、過激烈情緒
2.過多或缺少睡眠
3.天氣變化
4.濃烈氣味(例如:吸煙)
5.內分泌變化(例如:懷孕期,服用口服避孕藥物,月經周期變化等)
6.食物(例如:濃味芝士,酒精,巧克力,味精,代糖,經發酵制食品等)
7.強光,閃光


治療方法 
1. 避免可誘發偏頭痛的原因
2. 兩種藥物
    a. 發作時服用特效止偏頭痛藥
    b. 定時服用預防偏頭痛藥,例如特效消炎止痛藥,松弛血管藥或抗癲癇藥


參考資料 : www.brain-spine.com.hk
以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途,如果你有任何醫療問題,應向醫生查詢,而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

11/14/2013

如何診斷三叉神經痛?



雖然說三叉神經痛不算是個難於確診的疾病,但是不少患者到最後見神經外科醫生時,往往已在不同診所兜兜轉轉多時,最常發生的情況──就是已經被脫掉見顆牙齒。究其原因,是三叉神經線在面頰兩旁,故出現痛症時,患者常會誤以為頭痛或是牙痛,尤其誤以為牙痛往見牙科醫生時,若碰巧真有蛀牙的話,牙醫或會為患者脫牙,很多患者在脫了多隻牙齒仍然不能解除痛楚時,才會想到可能與牙齒無關而尋求其他治療。


神經痛症現時尚未有特定的檢查方法,理學檢查只能幫助找出構造上的異常,例如是否有神經炎症﹑神經線是否被壓迫﹑有沒有中風﹑是否有血管破裂又或是腫瘤。神經痛症的「痛」是不能在理學檢查中找到,因此之故,純粹依靠理學檢查不容易了解患者的痛症。雖然如此,客觀檢查還是需要的。主要是排除其他疾病的可能性。


「痛症」不能觸摸,是患者的感覺,診斷神經痛,臨床比檢查更重要,診斷三叉神經痛可看痛感是否在三條神經線之上。因為三條神經分別在眼額﹑面頰和下顎,所以痛症發生時很有可能被誤會為頭痛及牙痛。痛症最常發生在下顎神經,以兩條神經出現痛症。





參考資料: www.brain-spine.com.hk

以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途,如果你有任何醫療問題,應向神經外科醫生查詢,而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

11/12/2013

面神經炎- 面神經麻痹, 面部肌肉癱瘓

面神經炎,又稱面神經麻痹或面部肌肉癱瘓。面神經炎病發突然,主要因為面神經非化膿性炎症而引起,是腦神經病最常見的疾病。



病徵

患者在發病前幾天可能會感到耳痛。發病時,早上起來發覺嘴角歪斜,流口水。耳後及面部疼痛,面部肌肉癱瘓,進食、說話、漱口等有困難。同時患者的額紋會消失,不能閉目流淚。


參考資料: www.brain-spine.com.hk

以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途,如果你有任何醫療問題,應向神經外科醫生查詢,而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

11/04/2013

骨質疏鬆骨折的影響



骨質疏鬆容易引致骨折,約兩成股骨骨折個案會在一年內去世、三至五成患者會喪失自我照顧能力。其次是脊椎骨骨折,會引發持續背痛,或坐或站都有困難,更可能出現駝背,胸口痛和雙腳麻痹等情況。

確診骨質疏鬆症病人,一線治療是透過藥物及補充鈣質,但單靠用藥對骨折癒合幫助有限,以脊椎骨折為例,近半數患者痛楚會持續一年,甚至出現新的脊椎骨折!




參考資料 : www.brain-spine.com.hk

以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途,如果你有任何醫療問題,應向自己的神經外科醫生查詢,而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

   

教育短片: 水球脊椎骨折復位手術- 骨質疏鬆治療

手術的作用是治標,要預防骨質疏鬆症引致的骨折,必須透過攝取足夠鈣質及維他命D、加強運動、戒煙和避免酗酒,再配合藥物治療,從而強化骨質,減低骨折風險。


參考資料 : www.brain-spine.com.hk

以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途,如果你有任何醫療問題,應向自己的神經外科醫生查詢,而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。

10/31/2013

What is Stroke?

Stroke is sudden onset of neurological disability. It happens because of sudden blockage of blood vessel in the brain or sudden bleeding in the brain. Within minutes, the affect part of the brain dies. On average, every year, 26,000 new patients suffer from stroke in Hong Kong. The peak time for onset of stroke is when temperature suddenly drops, e.g. around November to December.




Symptoms of stroke

The symptoms of stroke include
(1) weakness or numbness of the face, arm or leg,
(2) confusion and drowsiness,
(3) difficult to speak,
(4) dizziness,
(5) blurring of vision,
(6) severe headache,
(7) incontinenece,
(8) vomiting,
(9) coma.

Mini-stroke means patients suffered for one or more of the above named symptoms, but only temporarily.




Reference: http://www.brain-spine.com.hk/index-english.html
The information provided aims to provide educational purpose, if you have the described conditions as above, please consult your neurosurgeon.

   

10/29/2013

Intervertebral disc disease

The structure of vertebral column

Vertebral column composes of 33 vertebra (spinal column bones) including 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar and 5 fused sacrum and 4 fused coccyx. Its major function is to support the body and protect the spinal cord.

The 7 cervical vertebra are separated by fibrous tissue, i.e. intervertebral disc. This disc gives spine the flexibility to move and absorb shock during body movement.

The vertebrae encircles and protects your spinal cord. Nerves branching from the spinal cord pass through openings in the vertebrae to other parts of your body. This gives your body sensation and enables your body to perform different activity and motion.


Intervertebral disc degeneration

As intervertebral disc loses their water content because of disease or age, they lose their height and bring vertebrae closer together. The consequence is weakening of the shock absorption properties of the disc and a narrowing of the openings for the nerves in the sides of the spine. Additionally, a loss of intervertebral disc height may cause the formation of bone spurs, which can push against your spinal cord and/or nerves.

When a intervertebral disc ruptures in the cervical spine, it puts pressure on one or more nerve roots or on the spinal cord, causing pain and other symptoms in the neck and arms.

Cervical artificial disc surgery

To manage degenerative disc disease in cervical region, one of treatment method is cervical artificial disc implantation. Cervical artificial disc is an artificial implantable device. In use, this device can replace the pathological cervical disc and helps the spinal nerve alleviating from pressure after the pathological disc is removed.

Intervertebral disc replacement procedure


  1. The patient takes a supine position and is under general anesthesia. A small incision is made at the anterior of the neck.
  2. With the assistance of microscope and various surgical instruments, neurosurgeon removes the degenerative cervical disc from the patient.
  3. Then, surgeon uses special surgical instruments to prepare a site on the bone of cervical vertebrae for implantation of the cervical artificial disc.
  4. Finally, the cervical artificial disc is implanted; replacing the degenerative disc and thus the motion of the neck is maintained.
  5. The incision is finally closed with suture and the surgery is completed.


Patient should always consult their doctors’ opinions when choosing suitable cervical artificial disc.

Cervical artificial disc vs fusion

A fusion procedure may treat your short-term symptoms, alleviating neck and arm pain. However, clinical evidence suggests that physical stress to vertebrae involved in a fusion may accelerate disc degeneration elsewhere in your neck.

In contrast, the cervical artificial disc prosthesis replaces the disc removed by the neurosurgeons. As the artificial disc is designed to allow motion at the treated level, the issue of physical stress mentioned above is alleviated.



Reference: http://www.brain-spine.com.hk/index-english.html
The information provided aims to provide educational purpose, if you have the described conditions as above, please consult your neurosurgeon.


10/24/2013

預防及治療腦積水



預防腦積水

為了預防腦積水,必須及早診斷及治療腦腫瘤、腦膜炎、腦出血及腦創傷等腦部疾病。孩童應小心腦部,以免受到傷害,同時應定期量度頭顱大小,以便紀錄。

腦積水治療

腦積水的處理方法有兩個。第一個採用手術分流腦積水,插入導管,並將脊髓液引入身體其他部位。第二個方法是用內視鏡把阻塞腦水循環的膜打開。



參考資料 : www.brain-spine.com.hk

以上所提供的資訊僅作為教育及參考用途,如果你有任何醫療問題,應向自己的神經外科醫生查詢,而不應單倚賴以上提供的資料。