The Spinal cord functions as a sophisticated network that carries information from the outer elements of the body (skin, muscles, ligaments, joints) through the sensory tracts, to the central “computer,” the brain. Data are processed there, and new information, such as muscle control, is sent out through the motor tracts of the spinal cord. Part of the Central Nervous System (CNS), the spinal cord is located immediately below the brain stem and extends from the foramen magnum to L1.
The spinal cord is a firm but delicate structure that contains both gray and white matter. Compression, distraction, or other manipulation can result in significant injury to the spinal cord.
At L1 the spinal cord terminates as the Conus Medularis. Below L1, the thick but flexible dural sac (also called the thecal sac) contains the spinal nerves collectively known as the CAUDA EQUINA. Also contained within the cauda equina is the FILUM TERMINALE, which extends from the conus medularis to the coccyx and acts as an anchor to keep the lower spinal cord in its normal shape and position.
The individual nerve roots of the cauda equina are suspended in cerebrospinal fluid. At this level, it is possible to pass a needle safely into the thecal sac for evaluation of spinal fluid or injection of various materials such as drugs, anesthetics, or radiologic substances.
The information provided aims to provide educational purpose, if you have the described conditions as above, please consult your neurosurgeon.
